A pyranometer is a device used to measure global solar radiation. The "pyranometer" is basically a flat plate (covered with a transparent dome) that is coated with an extremely absorptive surface. As the sun strikes it, the surface gets hot. The temperature of the surface is measured with a thermopile, giving an output voltage related to the amount of solar radiation striking the surface.
The black coating on the thermopile sensor absorbs the solar radiation. This radiation is converted to heat. The heat flows through the sensor to the pyranometer housing. The thermopile sensor generates a voltage output signal that is proportional to the solar radiation.
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